India’s Education Spending and Gender Gap
• India has made steady progress in enrolling more girls in school, with girls now making up 48% of the school population.
• However, a gender gap remains in education, with families spending more on their sons than their daughters.
• The Comprehensive Modular Survey on Education shows that per-student expenditure on girls is lower than on boys during all stages of school education, from pre-primary to higher secondary.
• In rural India, families spent 18% more on boys than girls in terms of course fees, textbooks, stationery, uniforms, and transportation to school.
• In urban India, the per-student expenditure on girls was ₹2,791 less than on boys.
• By the time students are in higher secondary school, there is almost 30% more being spent on education for boys than girls.
• The gap also extends to private tuitions, with 26% of girls and 27.8% of boys enrolled in such classes.
• The biggest gaps in education are seen in States/UTs such as Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Punjab.
• In states such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala, boys and girls go to government and private schools in almost equal ratios.
• Expenditures are more nuanced, especially in higher classes.
• In higher secondary education, families in Telangana, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal spend vastly more on boys than girls, though they spent more on girls at the secondary level.
• Expenditure on private coaching also varied by State, especially at the higher secondary level.
Education gender gap is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).
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