Chemistry Notes- Alpha particles, Beta particles,Gamma particles.
রসায়নের নোট – আলফা কণা, বিটা কণা, গামা কণা।
Alpha (α) Particles
- Alpha particles are usually composed of two protons and two neutrons, which are tightly bound together.Continue Reading Chemistry Notes- Alpha particles, Beta particles,Gamma particles.
- Alpha particles are being released during radioactive decay (or alpha decay) from the nucleus radio nuclides.
- The alpha particles are identical to the nucleus of either normal helium atom or doubly ionized helium atom.
- In comparison to other particles (i.e. Gamma and Beta), alpha particles are heavy and slow. Therefore, alpha particles have very small range in the air.
- Because of slow speed, Alpha particles have very weak penetrating powers; these particles are even stopped by a thin paper sheet (see image given above).
- Because of having the double positive charge, alpha particles are highly ionizing.
Beta (β) Particles
- Beta particles are the fast moving electrons emitted by some radio nuclides during the radioactive decay (also known as beta decay).
- Beta particles are of much lighter weight and carry a single negative charge.
- Beta particles are rarely ionizing than the alpha particles.
- Because of having lighter weight, beta particles can travel much farther than alpha particles; however, beta particles can be stopped by several sheet of papers or one sheet of aluminum.
- Beta particles are negatively charged and get attracted towards positively charged particles.
Gamma (ү) Particles
- Gamma particles are the bundle of high energy namely electromagnetic energy (photon) emitted by the radioactive elements during the radioactive decay.
- Among all three particles (alpha, beta, and gamma), gamma particles are the most energetic photons.
- Gamma particles, which are the form of electromagnetic radiation(EMR), originate from the nucleus.
- The wavelengths of gamma are the shortest among all three.
- Gamma particles have no charge and they are neutral; therefore, they are unaffected by magnetic and electric fields.
Uses of Radioactive Elements
- Radioactive elements are used in −
- Medical field (treatment of many diseases)
- Industrial process
- Energy production – Nuclear reactors
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