Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.

রসায়ন – হাইড্রোজেন – WBCS পরীক্ষার জন্য নোট।

Introduction

  • In the periodic table, hydrogen is the lightest element, its atomic weight is merely 1.008.Continue Reading Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.
  • The symbol of hydrogen is ‘H’ and the atomic number is ‘1.’
  • In the early 16th century, hydrogen gas was first artificially produced by the reaction of acids and metals.
  • Henry Cavendish first recognized the hydrogen gas a discrete substance during the period of 1766-81, as it produces water when it is burned.

Salient Features of Hydrogen

  • In their plasma state, the non-remnant stars are primarily composed of hydrogen.
  • At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen appears colorless, tasteless, odorless, nonmetallic, non-toxic, and highly combustible diatomic gas.
  • The molecular formula of hydrogen is H2.
  • On the earth, hydrogen exists in molecular forms, for example, water or other organic compounds.
  • Hydrogen also plays an important role in acid–base reactions.
  • Hydrogen gas is highly flammable in the air.
  • Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames radiate ultraviolet light; further, with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye.
  • Hydrogen can react with almost every oxidizing element.
  • At room temperature, Hydrogen normally reacts spontaneously and viciously with chlorine and fluorine and forms the corresponding hydrogen halides.

Occurrence of Hydrogen

  • Consisting roughly about 75 percent of all baryonic mass, hydrogen is the most abundantly found chemical subsistence in the universe.
  • Throughout the universe, hydrogen is typically found in the atomic and plasma states; however, the properties quite different from those of the molecular hydrogen.
  • On the earth, hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, i.e. H2.
  • Because of having light weight, hydrogen easily escapes from the earth’s atmosphere.
  • Hydrogen is the third most abundant element found on the Earth’s surface, but largely found in form of hydrocarbons and water.

Compounds of Hydrogen

  • Following are the major compounds of hydrogen −
    • Water – H2O
    • Ammonia – NH3
    • Hydrogen chloride – HCl
    • Hydrogen fluoride – HF
    • Hydrogen sulfide – H2S
    • Methane – CH4
    • Hydroxide – OH–
    • Hydrogen bromide – HBr
    • Hydrogen iodide – HI
    • Hydrogen cyanide – HCN
    • Phosphine – PH3
    • Hydrogen selenide – H2Se
    • Methanol – CH3OH
    • Lithium hydride – LiH
    • Bicarbonate – HCO3
    • Hydrogen telluride – H2Te
    • Liquid hydrogen – H2
    • Cyanide – CN
    • Calcium hydride – CaH2
    • Heavy water – D2O
    • Diborane – B2H6
    • Sodium hydride – NaH
    • Potassium hydride – KH

Uses of Hydrogen

  • The largest amount of H2 is used in the processing of fossil fuels as well as in the production of ammonia.
  • Hydrogen (H2) is extensively used in the petroleum and chemical industries.
  • H2 is typically used as a hydrogenating agent, especially in increasing the saturation level of unsaturated fats and oils.
  • H2 is also used as a shielding gas in welding procedures, such as atomic hydrogen welding, etc.

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